In this landmark judgment, the Supreme Court clarified the implications of prospective overruling in tax matters, specifically regarding the levy of vend fee on industrial alcohol under the U.P. Excise Act, 1910. The Court held that following the prospective declaration of unconstitutionality in Synthetics and Chemicals Ltd. (1990), the State cannot collect unpaid vend fee for periods prior to 25th October 1989, as the restraint on enforcement applies from that date forward. However, amounts already collected or paid under interim orders (except those kept in separate accounts) are not refundable to maintain equity and avoid unjust enrichment. The decision underscores the Court’s discretion under Article 142 to mould relief, balancing legal invalidity with practical consequences, and reinforces that prospective overruling does not revive collection rights for unpaid dues predating the declaration.

In a landmark ruling, the Supreme Court settled a 44-year-old tax dispute involving the National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC), holding that interest income earned from investing idle funds is taxable as business income under the Income Tax Act 1961, and grants disbursed from such income qualify as deductible revenue expenditure under Section 37(1). The Court emphasized that NCDC’s core function of channeling funds as loans/grants makes interest generation integral to its business, rejecting the Revenue’s characterization as ‘income from other sources.’ Crucially, the Court distinguished grants (irretrievable outgo) from loans, allowing deduction for grants as they serve business purposes without creating enduring assets for NCDC. This judgment reinforces the principle that statutory corporations’ business income and related expenditures must be assessed based on functional integration, not mere accounting treatment.

In a significant ruling clarifying the scope of Section 12AA registration proceedings, the Pune ITAT ‘B’ Bench has allowed an appeal by Shree Alibag Kutchi Visa Oswal Jain Sangh. The Tribunal categorically held that the CIT(Exemption) cannot deny registration based on non-payment of tax on corpus donations, as registration and assessment are distinct processes. The decision reinforces that during registration, authorities must only verify charitable objects and genuineness of activities, not tax compliance issues. This judgment provides crucial protection for charitable trusts against premature tax scrutiny during registration.

In this landmark judgment, the Delhi ITAT overturned the Revenue’s additions for bogus purchases, reinforcing the principle that mere suspicion cannot override documented evidence. The Tribunal meticulously examined the transaction trail, supplier credibility, and precedents, ruling that the assessee’s purchases were genuine and the enhancements arbitrary. This decision underscores the necessity of concrete proof over conjectural assessments in tax litigation.

In a significant ruling on characterization of income, the Delhi ITAT in Dy. CIT vs. M/s Arham IT Infrastructure Pvt Ltd (ITA No.5300/DEL/2016) upheld that common area maintenance charges collected by a property owner under separate cost-plus agreements constitute ‘Business Income’, not ‘Income from House Property’. The Tribunal emphasized the organized nature of services (security, lift maintenance, utilities) and distinguished precedent where only rental income existed. Consequently, lease rental paid to Noida authority was allowed as revenue expenditure. This judgment clarifies that ancillary services beyond mere letting can transform receipt nature, impacting tax planning for real estate entities.

In this landmark transfer pricing ruling, the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Bangalore, upheld the eligibility of voluntary transfer pricing adjustments made under an Advance Pricing Agreement (APA) for deduction under section 10AA. The Tribunal decisively rejected the revenue’s contention that such adjustments are barred by the proviso to section 92C(4), clarifying that the proviso only applies to adjustments mandated by the Transfer Pricing Officer. This judgment reinforces the principle that APA-driven adjustments, being voluntary and scientifically determined, enhance the ‘profits of the business of the undertaking’ and thus qualify for SEZ benefits, providing crucial certainty for multinational enterprises operating in India’s special economic zones.

In this landmark judgment, the Supreme Court of India upheld the Calcutta High Court’s review order that restored a long-pending writ petition for hearing on merits, emphasizing strict adherence to procedural justice and statutory interpretation in tax recovery matters. The case revolves around a disputed 1964 auction sale of a Delhi property by the Income Tax Department, with the core issue being the High Court’s review jurisdiction under Order 47 Rule 1 CPC. The Court meticulously dissected the principles from Kamlesh Verma v. Mayawati, affirming that an error apparent on the record—such as overlooking Section 293 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (which bars civil suits against tax authorities) and the legal implications of a 1965 court order—warrants review. This decision reinforces that review proceedings are vital to correct patent errors that prejudice parties, especially in complex tax litigation spanning decades. For tax professionals and legal practitioners, this judgment serves as a critical precedent on the interplay between tax recovery mechanisms, civil jurisdiction bars, and judicial review, highlighting the necessity for courts to address substantive legal oversights to prevent injustice.

In CENTRAL TRADING AGENCY vs. CIT, the Allahabad High Court allowed a deduction under Section 10(2)(xv) for payments termed ‘liquidated damages’ made to the Government. The Court ruled these were not penalties for breach but payments made on commercial grounds to modify and sustain a contract, thus constituting allowable business expenditure. This judgment clarifies the deductibility of payments made to preserve business continuity and contractual relationships, emphasizing the ‘commercial expediency’ test over formal labels like ‘damages’ or ‘penalty’.